Which protocol is utilized by the console port for device connections without the need for an IP address?

The console port of a network device uses the RS-232 protocol for direct, physical connections without requiring an IP address. RS-232 is a standard for serial communication that allows devices to connect and communicate through a serial port. This is often used for console access during the initial setup or troubleshooting of network devices, enabling administrators to interact with the device at a low level.

In the context of networking, the console port enables management connectivity without relying on network protocols that require IP addressing, such as TCP/IP or SSH. This is particularly important for scenarios where an IP configuration is not yet established, or when remote access methods are unavailable. RS-232 provides a reliable communication method over a direct serial connection, making it the appropriate choice for this kind of access.